(local byte string.char)
(fn word->byte [x]
	"convert a 32 bit word into a little endian byte string"
	(string.char
		(-> x (band 0xff))
		(-> x (rshift 8) (band 0xff))
		(-> x (rshift 16) (band 0xff))
		(-> x (rshift 24))))
(fn half->byte [x]
	"convert a 16 bit half-word into a little endian byte string"
	(string.char
		(-> x (band 0xff))
		(-> x (rshift 8) (band 0xff))))

(local word-max 0xffffffff)

(fn rotate-right [x n]
	"Rotate *x* right as a 32 bit integer by *n* bits."
	(bor (rshift x n) (band word-max (lshift x (- 32 n)))))
(fn rotate-left [x n]
	"Rotate *x* right as a 32 bit integer by *n* bits."
	(bor (band word-max (lshift x n)) (rshift x (- 32 n))))

(fn hex [x ?padding]
	"Convert x to hexadecimal, optionally padding to ?padding characters"
	(string.format (.. :% :0 (or ?padding 0) :x) x))

{: byte
 : word->byte
 : half->byte
 : rotate-left
 : rotate-right
 : hex
 : word-max}